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lkbn 27, 1-923. 31,446,489 R. S PERRY ET AL PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR FUME CONTROL Filed 0011.15, 1921 oil or gum carrying bodies, is conducted in.

"" etenteol Feb, '27, 1923,

release ROBERT S. PERRY, OF NEW YORK, AND

YORK, ASSIGNORS TO PERRY &

PAUL W. WEBSTER, OF PEIiHAM MANOR, NEW

WEBSTER, INCL, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR FUME CONTROL.

Application filed October 15, 1921.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, Ronnn'r and PAUL Vt. W nes'rnn, citizens of the United States, residing, respectively, in New York city, county of New York, borough of Manhattan, and State of New York, and Pelham Manor, county of VVestchester, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes and Apparatus for Fume Control, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification. ()ur invention relates to the shielding, control and removal offumes and devices suitable for the application of our process and refers particularly to the shielding, conti'ol and removal of fumes arising from heated organic matters and apparatus relating thereto.

In many industries, including the production of paint vehicles, varnishes and similar products, it is necessary to heat oils, gums. and materials containing the same and other similar constituents, to a temperature at which the constituents and ingredients, or volatile products therefrom, will be converted into fumes, and, the removal of these fumes from'the heated container and away from'contact with the distillate residuum therein is an essential feature of the process.

\Vhile the constituents thus recovered into fumes are frequently objectionable ingredients of the. distillate residuum fromwhich they are recovered in process of production, yet-they are frequently of great value for other purposes, and hence, tion or collection, under conditions which will either conserve the values thereof as evolved, or will enhance the values thereof, either orboth, as products and as created products, or recovered, or reclaimed, materials is highly advisable and desirable.

If the heating of the oils and gums, or

open essels, it is evident that the .valuable fume material evolved cannot berecovered but constitute considerable losses and economic wastage.'-

The desired temperature obtained in the materials thus heat treated is usually obtained by exterior heating of the walls of the containing apparatus, .or by heating coils therein, frequently to a much higher S; PERRY -heating of a varnish their condensa- Serial No. 508,031.

as for-instance in the exterior kettle. It is well known and established'that in the treatment of 0118, gums, materialscontemperature,

taining the same and other similar constit-' uents by heat'to evolve and remove distillates as fume therefrom, that such fume consists of mixtures of fixed or saturated gaseous compounds, which are non-decomposable and stable gases within the upper limits of temperature applied as above mentioned, or otherwise, together with non-fixed or uni-saturated gaseous compounds, which in time upon exposure to and Within the upper limit of the said applied temperature will decompose into other and more stable bodies.

.The'tempe ratures at which these decompositions may take place'at about atmospheric pressure,- and the time interval'in which they take place at such pressure and upon exposure to such temperatures, may be herein identified respectively assecondary decomposition temperature andtime req'uire'mentfo'r secondary decomposition and the temperature at which any entire fume is evolved from the original materials of the charge at about atmospheric pressure may be herein identified as the distillation temperature;

, T hese componentsof the fume which are I the more yalued and useful in industry are generally-those with lower'secondary decomposition temperature. when compared with other components of a given fume; both of which may be identified as theunstable andthe. stable fraction or fractions respectively.

Again, many of the components of such 7 fumes arereactivew th the materials of the container surfaces at about the tempera-- ture of distillation and at about normal pressures.

In all the prior art of distillation the conservation of distilla tes and of unstable fractions of a' fume, has been accomplished by reducing the gas pressure and thus dropping the temperature of formation of distillate or by hastening the removal of the gas from the zone of heat treatment, either or both, as in vacuum apparatus and as in closed retorts and kettles which have suction fan or pressure blower attachment.

In the heat treatments of the materials ltlfi under consideration, the fumes given off at the distillation temperature for the fumes, with few f any exceptions, contain the more valuable components in the form of unstable fractions at the temperatures of the heating walls of the containing apparatus or of the heating coils therein, and :in all serious losses in their the high temperature ofthe heated walls.

the prior artthere hasbeen secondary decomposition of these unstable fractions with production, due to or coils.

[the temperatures compositions, as present in the wallsof the,

' In. all the prior art ofdistilling there has never been any practice or suggestion.

of conserving these unstable fractions from of their secondary de-' containing apparatus, by means of shielding layers'ofstable gas, whi'ch may move freely between the fume as distilled and thehigher temperaturexwa'lls of the container and which because moving freely, may efficiently convey heat from such heating walls The process of the invention of this ap -j I plication is designed to accomplish any. and

theirinteraction, and to attain further most a 40 v of varnish have great sive properties when mixed with cons1clcr-' all of these most desirable improvements and tothu's conserve fume values and protect the same from the destructive temperatures Of the surfaces of the container, tect themand also the container and to proitself from desirable protections as of fire risk.

As' an'example, the fumes volatlllzed in heating gums and 0llS.1 Il the manufacturing fire risks and exploable quantities of air, the pro'portionof such. fire, or explosive, producing mixture varying with the fumes. i

It is strongly advisable, therefore, that the production of such dangerous mixtures be'avoided by preventing such ail-admixture of the fumes and air aswillmake possible fire or explosion.

It is evident that. such a control of the mixture of fumes and air is impossible when'open vesselsare employed, as fumes arising therefrom, being heavier than air, flow downwardly over the sides of the vessel, become mixed with air in varying proportions and very frequently in actual practice become ignited, or explosive, through the action of the fire beneath the vessel.

It has been the practice, therefore, to em ploy vessels, or kettles covered with a lid,

the fume or contacting with the particular character of the or cover, having a vent, or opening, therein to allow of the escape of the fumes.

The employment of suchvent'ed cover,

while it has reduced the fire and explosive danger to a small degree, hasnot'entirely, or'

even approximately, 'removedthis' danger,

as the fumes escaping. from the vent are. still allowed to 'lJQCOIIlB mixed withvarying quantities of air, thus explosive mixtures. -Th.ese vented covers, have introduced additional disadvantages and objectionable features to. the Process that were'not-inciproducing fire .and

dent togthe open kettles. The-fumes'c'o'm I tacting' with the highertemperatures-of the kettle walls sufi'er secondary decomposition into less volatile products which are dark and of'inferior quality and these products or mixed in coolerfcotven running down the kettlewalls,

arepartially, orall, condensed, falling back into the melt, thus impairing thequality and coolingth-e latter and requiringadditional time and heat'to again volatilize them.

Fumes of this kind,

being frequently of an acid character, Shave a corrosive effect upon metallic surfaces of thekettle w alls and cover, and hence carry. a coloration back into the charge, which-is most objec tionable, especially in the production of light colored'paint' vehicles; and varnishes.

Further, it is evident that, are heavier than air, through thevent only th'erethrough as these vapors as' they are" forced by the vapor densityof the production fumeswithin the l ettle,fthuscauslng an increased vapor pressure upon the melt and, with the employment of an increased amount of heat units necessary for. the following out of the process, and .witha corresponding of operation, and .darkening and impairraise of temperature they will escape ment of the product from decomposition of unstable fractions of the fume at such higher temperatures, and impairment of quality andvalue of fume products.

process which would overcome the fire risk and the explosion risk, prevent reaction between; or due to, the fume and. the heated surfaces of the containerfwith its consequent injury to the quality of the products,

From the above it. will be seen that asolid and gaseous, and prevent the return of-condensed or. decomposed productsfrom fume to the charge, and prevent the necessity of vapor pressure-removal of the fumes,

would be a very considerable advance over the described methods of; production and would have great commercial value.

The process of our invention and the device suitable for carrying out said process, produce all of these, sults and present a method and device for the heat treatment of oils, gums and mateand other valuable reair, or gas,

. ea r80 rials containing the same, etc, with enhanced economic and practical results and applications.

WVe have discovered that if air, or other desirable gas, be admitted into the container under proper conditions and a proper artificial pressure-or suction, as an introduction means, tion fume can all, or in part, be effectively removed from the Container without their return by condensation without reactive effect'upon. the surfaces of the container and with protection against the secondary decomposition of unstable portionsof the fume, and with avoidance of the danger of fire and explosion.

The effect of the produced current of air, or gas, is to form a moving blanket and shield of gas over the interior of the surface of the container between the fume and the container surfaces. the fumes which penetrates this air, or gas, blanket, is sucked upto the outlet with the blanket and diifused and diluted in the blanket. In the example above given of varnish kettle practice, the blanket may be of of a suitable temperature to protect the unstable gases from secondary decomposition and all of the fume from condensation. 1

Again, in' the example given of varnish kettle practice .of manufacture, if the gas introduced to serve as a blanket and shield be a gas non combu'stible with the fume and fixed and stable at the temperature used, such as carbonic acid gas, protection is afforded against the risk of consequent loss of fume and the risk of fire and explosion can be eliminated, together with protection against oxidation and consequent improvement offthe quality of the fume over that which would ensue if the fume were exposed to. the oxygen of air.

Again, in the example given of varnish kettle practice of manufacture, the moving blanket of air or gas may be so introduced that it also carriesthe fumes with it,as exemplified in the drawings herewith, thus causing their uniform removal from the vessel and preventing their being pocketed, decomposed by heat and reacted upon i'n'the upper portion of 'thekett-le' in-the'proximit'y of-the walls and of the cover.

The gas introduced as a blanket or shield may be heated with great. advantage in many distillation processes, as for example varnish melts, to help to so maintain the temperature of the fume as to protect the fume against condensation within. the container and consequent additionof condensed fume products to the distillation residuum.

which has heretofore frequently resulted in products of impaired quality and color.

While we have given as an example of the be employed, that the produc-' to the charge andv of inflammable, or explosive,

The small'portion of combustion and applicatiton of the process of our invention,

the application thereof to the heat treat-. ment of gums and oils,

I in ,a varnislr kettle and to the design andequipment of said kettle container, we do not wish-to be understood to confine ourselves thereto, but our process is applicable to man'y'other distillationsand to the design of the containers and equipment incidental thereto for such distillations.

Again in the example given of varnishkettle practice of manufacture, we have further found that the artificial removal of the fumes can be so governed and controlled as e theformati'on mixtures with air, and that it can also be so governed .as to control the rapidity of the removal of the fumes greatestefiiciency.

As described above, and claimed, the process of'our invention is applicable to many to prevent the possibility from he kettle to the pointof industries in which fumes are evolved, and

as an example we will describe our method of applying'it to the fumes evolved in the manufacture of varnish. p

In the accompanyingdrawings, illustrat- I ing oneformof a device suitable for the carrying out of the process of our invention,

similar parts are designated by similar-numerals.

Figure l is a diagrammatical vertical cross-section of one form of a device in which our process may be followed.

Figure 2 is a section through the line 2--2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a. broken section through the gas-feed pipe illustrating the direction ofthe gas issuing therefrom.

In the accompanying drawings, the single kettle section of the melting room comprises the two side walls'lt), 10 and the floor 11 the latter coal, or coke, 14 for combustion.

The melting kettle comprlses the bottom 15 and the annular side 16, the kettle being having the depressed fire-box 12, in which are the grate-bars 13 for carrying from a plurality-of -hooks 21,

25. The manifold tremity of the pipe 26 being connected to the flexible pipe 27, which in turn is connected with a source of gas supply, not

shown. 7

The gas-.feed pipe 24 has a plurality of upwardly and outwardly directed holes, or perforations, 28, 28 and plurality of downwardly and outwardly directed holes, or

' duced into the kettle, and the manifold '23 suction,.a nd the pipe 27 is and the gas-feed pipe'24 are suspended above theingredients at the desired distance by means of the chains 22, 22 and the hooks 21, 21. The cover 18 isthen placed upon the kettle and the kettle wheeled over the fire l4, and the collapsible chamber cover 30 placed intoposition in order that the combustion-gases will pass through a combustion flue, not shown, instead of passing up and over the kettle cover. The pipe -19 is then connected to a source of draught, or connected to source of desired gas, which, for purposes of-example may be assumed to be carbon dioxid. v a

During the evolution of thefumes from the heated varnishvmixture and their withdrawal from the kettle through the conduit 19, the cooler carbon dioxid gas is forced into the gas-feed pipe '24 and outwardly through the plurality openings 28, 28, 29, 29, andas the gas will also be drawn upwardly,

I it will form a moving blanket, or shield,-of

cooler gas between the evolved fumes and the heated side of the kettle above the ingre dient mixture, thus preventing the fumes from reachingthe secondary decomposition temperature,

with its resultant changes, in the composition of-the evolved fumes.

7 Attention is called to another valuable feature of our process. In the-present employed processes it is necessary that the heat of combustion lie not allowed to impinge upon the side of the kettle above the ingredients on account of the secondarydecomposition of the evolved fumes due to their: contact-with this highly heated surface and for that reason, the chamber cover should be situated below the surface of the ingredients as shown by the dotted lines 30'. It isevident, therefore, that the cooler-kettle sides above the ingredients will cause some of the fume contents to be condensed andreturned to the-kettle, thus causing 'the'necessity of additional heat unitsand time-to re-evolve. them. r

In our .process, however, the introduced.

gas, forming the moving blanket may be heated to such a temperature as to prevent both the\'condensation and secondary decomposition bf the evolved fume contents.

Another advanta eous feature of our croccss is that the gas blanket may be-formed' from a gas which is inert to the evolved fumes, and which Wlll not form an explosive or combustible mixture therewith vin any proportions, thus enveloping the fumes and removing them from all danger of fire or explosion.

Other advantages of the process of our invention will be evident upon a consideration of its wide application and the extensive field of changes that may be made in the'quality and quantity of introduced gas, the temperatures employed and its other elements in order" to meet the requirements of any particular process of manufacture in which secondary decomposition, over-heat ing, condensation, fire danger and explo sion danger are to be avoided. y

We do not limit ourselves to the particular size, shape, number orarrang'ement of' parts, nor to the particular products, steps of procedure or modes of operation as shown and described, all of which may be,

varied without going beyond the scope of our invention as described, claimed.

What we claim is:

1. The process of controlling heated fumes within a receptacle which comprises intro-- ducing an inert gas into'th'e receptacle, causing it to form a layer between the fumes and the walls of the receptacle, maintaining the inert gas at a temperature below that] of the receptacle walls and removing the fumes from the receptacle while'maintaining a gas layer between the fumes and the walls of the receptacle.

2. The process of controlling heated fumes within areceptacle which comprises introshown and ducing an inert gas below the temperature of the fumes into the receptacle,causing it to.

form a. layer between the, fumes and the walls of the receptacle, maintaining the inert gas at a-temperature below that of the rebetween the fumes and the walls of the receptacle.

3. In the treatiiient of heated fumes within a receptacle, the step which comprises in 'troducing a blanket of inert gas between the fumes and the heated sides of the receptacle,

the temperature ofthe gas being lower than that of the fumes. a

' 4. In the heat treatment of fume prOduc ing materials within a receptacle in which the fume products are affected by contact with the heated walls of the receptacle, the step which comprises introducing a blanket of inert gas between the fumes and the heated walls.

5. In the heat treatment of fume producing materials within a receptacle in which the fume products are affected by contact 1l0- ceptacle walls and removing the fumes from the receptacle while maintaining a gas layer,

ee-ease heated Walls, maintaining the gas below the 1 temperature of the heated walls.

' 6. The process of controlling heated fumes within a receptacle which comprises introducing a heated inert gas into the receptacle, causing it to form a layer between the fumes and the walls of the receptacle, and removing the fumes from the receptacle while maintaining agas fumes and the walls of the receptacle.

7; The process of controlling heated fumes within a receptacle which comprises'introducing into the receptacle a gas heated below the temperature of the walls of the rece p tacle and above the condensing temperature of the fumes, forming the introduced gas into a blanket between the fumes and the walls of the receptacle and removing the gas and the fumes from the receptacle while maintaining the gasblanket.

8. The process of cont-rolling fumes evolved during their production which comprises heating the fume producing ingredlents within a receptacle, introducingheated inert gas into the'receptacle, causing the gas to form a layer between the fumes and the layer between the 1 -1ng a moving blanket walls of the receptacle and removing the gas and fumes from the. receptacle while maintaining a moving gas layer between the fumes and the Walls of the receptacle.

9. The process of evolved during their production which comprises heating the fume producing ingredients Within a receptacle, introducing into the receptacle an inert gas heated below the I temperature of the walls of the receptacle and above the condensing temperature of the evolved fumes, forming the ,gas into a blanket between the fumes and the walls of the receptacle, and removing the fumes and the gas from the receptacle while maintainof gas between the fumes and the walls of the receptacle.

10. In adevice for controlling fumes, an enclosing receptacle, a conduit connecting the receptacle with a suction means and means whereby a gas may be introduced into the receptacle to form a gas blanket around the inner faces of the rece tacle walls.

Signed, at 81 -Union iluare W. in the county of New York and State'of New York this 13th day of October, 1921.

ROBERT s-PE'RRY. PAUL W. WEBSTER.

controlling fumes 

